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A goniometer is an instrument used to measure angles. In medicine, it measures joints' range of motion or flexibility, while in education, it measures students' responses to different stimuli. All types of goniometers use some measuring angles system.
Goniometry helps to track changes in flexibility, assess rehabilitation needs, and compare the range of motion on opposite sides of the body. There are various goniometers designed and suitable for different uses.
They include the following types.
They provide readers with an electronic display of the measuring data. They feature an angle sensor that captures the angle, a processor that computes the data, and a screen that displays the data. The whole system is designed to work automatically by simply positioning the two arms of the angle at the required angle, and the reading will be displayed on the screen. It is accurate but may require batteries and the additional cost of digital equipment.
I've come across an infrared goniometer in various sports and medical applications, especially where high precision is needed. It measures angles by capturing the heat emitted from the surface of an object; it's non-invasive and good for measuring joint angles without physical contact. However, the device is affected by surface material and requires batteries or a power source.
These two types of goniometers are used for measuring horizontal angles. The Aps, short for apical angle, measures the angle between two planned points or lines. At the same time, the Bas, base angle scepter, measures the lowest angle between two lines by positioning the instrument at the angle's apex. They are traditionally mechanical but digital versions exist to improve their functionality and precision. They are preferred in fields like surveying and engineering as they measure angles between straight lines in a horizontal plane.
A Smith goniometer consists of two platforms and an arm connected to the two plates at one end. As one platform rotates, the arm moves, enabling the angle between the two platforms to be measured. Commonly applied in the field of crystal growth and material science, they measure angles between crystal faces to help understand the nature of the materials. It has good precision but is bulkier than other tools.
A circular goniometer has a protractor-like design with a movable arm and a circular base graded in angles. The arm is positioned along the line, and the angle is measured by reading the scale where the arm intersects the circle. Commonly used in physical therapy, it measures joint angles and range of motion. It is simple and easy to use but offers less precision compared to the digital goniometer.
Goniometers have a wide range of applications across various industries. Their ability to measure angles with precision makes them suitable for numerous tasks where angular measurement is crucial. Here are some of the main areas where goniometers are commonly used.
Infrared goniometers measure joints' angles, enhancing the accuracy of measured data in assessments of range motion. They support physical therapists by offering better insights for rehabilitation programs.
In this industry, goniometers are applied in assessing the bioavailability of drugs. For instance, a digital goniometer helps to measure the angle of a fiber or drug molecule. Thus, providing information about drug efficacy.
Goniometers measure the angles of materials' crystal in this industry. This helps in determining how the material behaves under certain conditions and what it is made of.
Surveying goniometers aid in measuring angles when mapping site plans and laying foundation. Thus ensuring that the physical structures being built are geometrically accurate.
A Surveying goniometer is crucial in this industry because it measures angles between various objects to ensure the right placement of mechanical parts. An angle variation may lower performance, so it is vital to keep the angle in check.
Goniometers measure the angles of various aircraft components, such as wings, to assess the aerodynamic shape. This will enable the technicians to know if they achieved the required design.
In this industry, goniometers are applied in measuring joint angles to help create accurate movement and improve the precision of robotic hands in doing certain tasks. Callipers are also used in this industry to provide an accurate measurement.
Measurement range
It is the scope of angles the goniometer can measure. While some can measure a small range, others can measure a wide range, such as 0° to 360°.
Accuracy
This means how precise the readings will be. Usually, it's measured by ± angle measurement, like ±0.1° or ±0.5°.
Resolution
It refers to the smallest angle increment the device can measure, for example, 0.1° or 0.01°.
Display
An analog display is found in a mechanical goniometer, while a digital one is found in electronic versions. Most of them also come with an LCD backlight for better reading visibility.
Battery life
Goniometers with a digital display typically come with a battery. The battery life depends on how often the instrument is used. This can range from several months to a year.
Weight
Some goniometers are heavy because they are built with strong materials such as metal. While others are lightweight plastic examples that are portable.
Setting up
First, the room temperature is stabilized, and the fiber sample is prepared for analysis. The goniometer is turned on, and the digital display is set to zero.
Placing the sample
The goniometer stage is carefully placed with a sample. Proper positioning will give precise readings.
Measurement
The laser or sensor is directed at the angle of measurement. Some goniometers automatically collect data. Others require the user to manually adjust the reading.
Recording data
The recorded data is noted or saved in the instrument's memory, depending on the type of goniometer.
Analysis
Once done measuring, the collected angle data is analyzed to draw a result or conclusion based on the actual observed data.
Ongoing maintenance
It's advised that goniometer users check the working condition of the parts regularly. For example, in a digital goniometer, it's good to check if the battery is still functional. Cleaning the various goniometers after use also helps increase their longevity.
Calibration
Since goniometers should give accurate readings, they should be calibrated often. One can take them to professionals or do it themselves using standard angles.
Software updates
For digital and infrared goniometers, users should keep checking the manufacturer's website to know if there are new versions of the software and apply them because they improve accuracy and usability.
Repair
Users should consult professionals to fix minor issues. Major problems should be fixed by the manufacturer. Infrared goniometer calibration issues can be solved by an expert angle measurement goniometer. Physical goniometers with broken parts should also be repaired by professionals.
Lately, goniometers have been mass-produced, so they're available everywhere, even in the smallest shops. But not all of them are worth it. Some might have incorrect numbers or bad build quality. Before selecting a goniometer, look into its brand and user reviews to ensure it's a reliable choice.
This is because a digital goniometer with inaccurate readings is dangerous in medical settings, an Aps and Bas goniometer with faulty calibrations can lead to wrong construction angles, and so on.
Also, check the materials used. Quality m.goniometers use metal, glass, and strong plastic. Don't forget to check the angles, chips, and scratches at the edges of the goniometer because they affect accuracy. Lint, dust, or small things on the sample surface will also affect readings.
To avoid injuries, always handle goniometer care, especially the ones that measure joint angles, such as in the medical field. When measuring angle, pressure shouldn't be applied. It may result in injury or pain.
Along with that, goniometer users should also keep it away from children if it contains small parts like lasers because it may harm them. This still goes when using infrared goniometer, which emits infrared heat. One must wear protective eye equipment about the risk of eye injury. Goniometers with a sharp edge should also be handled carefully to avoid cut or puncture.
Further, take note of the temperature. Do not use infrared goniometers beyond specified temperatures. It may cause the instrument to malfunction and affect readings. Hot work environment may also reduce battery lifespan.
A1. A physical goniometer may pass medical examination, but a digital degree goniometer is more accurate. It also has a larger range of angle movement.
A2. Yes, multicenter goniometers are designed to measure more than one joint angle simultaneously. They are used for complex motion analysis in physical therapy and rehabilitation.
A3. Plastic is commonly used because it is inexpensive and easy to work with. Metal, such as aluminium or steel, is used for more strength and rigidity. Glass is used in infrared goniometers because it is a good insulator of heat. Composite materials are also used to increase durability and reduce weight.
A4. Yes, they have a lifespan. Factors like usage frequency, surrounding conditions, and cleaning practices determine how long they last. Digital goniometers have electronic components that may wear out or become obsolete. Professional-grade goniometers are designed to last several years with proper maintenance.
