Septics

Types of Septics

There are several types of septic systems to choose from. The each use different processes to treat waste and distribute effluent.

• Conventional septic systems

  These systems consist of a septic tank and a leach field. They work well in areas that have neither too dense nor sandy soil. In a septic tank, the solid waste settles at the bottom and forms sludge. Lighter materials floating on the water are grease and oil. The tank then discharges liquids into the leach field where it seeps through the soil and gets filtered.

• Gravity-powered septic systems

  Like conventional systems, these also have a leach field. But instead of using a drain field, they use gravity to distribute effluent. This makes them cheaper to install. However, they work best in areas with suitable soil types and proper terrain.

• Chamber septic systems

  These are like conventional systems but instead of using perforated pipes in the leach field, they use修补 segments. These segments are made from durable plastic and are collapsible in design. The chambers provide more space for treated wastewater to slowly seep into the soil.

• Sand filter septic systems

  These systems are in highly populated areas or where water pollution is a big concern. The sand filter box acts like the leach field. It removes disease-causing germs and other harmful contaminants from sewage.

• Aerobic treatment unit (ATU) septic systems

  These systems use bacteria and oxygen to dissolve wastes. They are also called aerobic septic systems. They treat wastes more than conventional systems so they can be smaller. ATUs are suited for areas with small land sizes or poor soil conditions.

• Biomat septic systems

  These are also known as bioturbation systems. Like other types, they contain a septic tank and leach field. Biomat septic systems break down wastes and organic matter in a different way. They use bacteria in the soil and leach field microorganisms to treat wastewater.

• Mound septic systems

  These are ideal for homes located in regions with a high water table or areas with very dense clay soil. They consist of a mounded raised soil therapy area.

Industrial Applications of Septics

• Remote and rural areas

  These areas often lack access to centralized sewage systems. Instead, they use septic systems to treat and dispose of their wastewater. This provides an effective solution for managing sewage in locations without infrastructure development.

• Agriculture

  In agriculture, septic systems treat wastewater from agricultural activities including farming and food processing. They then recycle the treated water for irrigation purposes.

• Healthcare facilities

  Healthcare facilities like small hospitals and clinics that are located in remote areas use septic systems. These healthcare facilities often lack access to centralized sewage treatment. They then rely on septic systems to treat their wastewater.

• Industrial and commercial applications

  Some industries and commercial establishments that are located in rural areas use septic systems to manage their wastewater. These industries include manufacturing and hospitality. They often lack access to centralized sewage treatment.

• Environmental protection

  When properly designed, maintained and used, septic systems can protect the environment. They treat and then safely release treated wastewater back into the soil. This helps replenish groundwater and supports ecosystems. Septic systems in agricultural settings can treat wastewater and recycle nutrients back into the soil. This supports crop growth while also protecting water quality.

• Cost-effective solution

  In many cases, building a centralized sewage system is expensive and logistically challenging. Especially in areas of low population density. In such areas, septic systems offer a more cost-effective solution for managing wastewater.

Product Specifications and Features of Septics

Technical specifications

• Materials: These systems are often constructed from concrete, brick or other durable materials. PVC may also be used. The choice of material depends on factors like cost and local availability.
• Size: A septic tank for an average-sized home is around 1,000 to 1,500 liters. Larger homes or small businesses require bigger tanks. The size mainly depends on the volume of wastewater generated.
• Inlet and outlet baffles: These help retain solids and prevent them from entering the drain field. They also ensure even distribution of wastewater in the tank. The tank has perforated pipes that allow liquid to flow out while trapping solids inside.
• Drain field configuration: This varies based on soil conditions and available space. Common configurations include perforated pipes or leachfield chambers. They distribute effluent evenly.
• Soil type: Soil porosity plays a key role in the effective functioning of septics. Sandy soils drain quickly and are ideal for drain fields. Clay soils are dense and pose challenges to proper effluent dispersion.
• Maintenance requirements: These systems can differ significantly based on the type of system installed. Conventional gravity-fed systems require less maintenance than complex aerobic treatment units.

How to Install and Use

The first step is to choose the right location. Find a spot that is at least 30 meters from the household well and 15 meters from any water body. It should be easily accessible for maintenance and far from trees, as roots can damage the system. Septic tanks come in different sizes, but the standard size for a small household is 1,000 liters.

A professional should prepare the site by excavating a hole large enough to fit the tank and a drain field. Create the drain field using perforated pipes or septic chambers. Lay the pipes in a grid pattern to allow wastewater to spread evenly.

Place the septic tank into the hole and connect the inlet and outlet pipes to the drain field. The tank is then covered with soil to ensure it remains stable. As the system operates, bacteria break down solid waste in the tank and allow liquids to flow out into the drain field.

Regular maintenance is essential. Have the tank inspected and pumped at least every 3–5 years. This prevents buildup that can lead to system failure. To keep the system working properly, avoid flushing non-biodegradable items down the toilet. These include chemicals, grease, and heavy solids.

Septics Quality and Safety Considerations

• Proper installation

  Follow manufacturer guidelines and local regulations. These measure ensure the system operates effectively and safely.

• Regular maintenance

  Septic tanks must be regularly inspected and pumped. This prevents the buildup of solids that can overflow into the drain field and cause system failure.

• Use septic-safe products

  Avoid harsh chemicals and non-biodegradable items like plastics and metals. They can harm the beneficial bacteria that break down waste in the tank.

• Avoid excess water

  Limit excessive water usage. Too much water can overwhelm the system and disrupt the septic tank's natural processes. Take shorter showers and fix leaks promptly.

• Proper effluent management

  Ensure that the effluent from the septic tank is properly managed and safely dispersed in the drain field. This prevents environmental contamination.

• Ground condition monitoring

  Regularly check for signs of ground contamination such as standing water or foul odors. Early detection prevents the spread of harmful bacteria and viruses.

• Emergency preparedness

  Have safety measures in place for when problems arise. These include backup solutions or emergency contact numbers. It is also important to get a professional promptly when issues like system failure occur.

Q&A

Q1. What are the signs that septics need maintenance?

Some signs that call for septic maintenance include slow draining toilets and sinks. Another sign is sewage backing up into drains or toilets. There are also gurgling sounds coming from drains and wet areas on the ground near the tank or drain field.

Q2. Can trees or shrubs be planted near septic systems?

No. It is advisable not to plant any tree or shrub near septic systems. This is because trees can dig deep into the ground and damage the septic pipes. Shallow-rooted plants may also cause blockage.

Q3. How long do septic systems last?

When well-maintained, septic systems can last for over 20 years. Some even last for 30–40 years. The longevity mainly depends on the materials used and the kind of soil where the system is installed.

Q4. Which local regulations should be followed when installing a septic system?

Septic buyers should follow both manufacturers and local regulations. Local regulations provide guidelines on where septics can be installed. They also provide information on the maintenance requirements for each type of septic system.

Q5. Are septic systems safe for the environment?

Septic systems are safe for the environment when they are maintained properly. This prevents them from causing ground or water contamination. They are also installed based on safe environmental practices.