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Polymer-type lightning arresters (LAs) come in different forms thanks to their unique applications. Other characteristics include the differences in voltage and design. Below are some types.
Distribution system arrester
Here, the polymer lightning arresters are designed for application in power distribution systems, especially at relatively low voltages. Typically, they are mounted on power lines and poles. This is to protect the equipment from voltage spikes stemming from lightning strikes or switching operations. Common polymer distribution system arresters are often used in urban and rural distribution networks.
Transmission system lightning arresters
Ideally, transmission system arresters operate at higher voltages. Usually, they protect equipment in high-voltage transmission lines and substations. Notably, these arresters can handle more energy from lightning strikes compared to those used in distribution systems. Therefore, transmission system arresters are critical in preventing damage to transformers, circuit breakers, and other essential infrastructure. Common transmission system arresters often feature designs for long-distance power transmission.
Station-type lightning arresters
Authoritatively, station-type surge protective devices are used within substations and power generation facilities. Ideally, they protect the substation equipment such as switches, relays, and power converters. Usually, these arresters are designed to withstand the high-energy transients that may occur within a power generation or transmission environment. However, even though they are meant for high-voltage applications, they still provide localized protection.
Combined arrester
The combined polymer-type lightning arrester integrates the functions of both distribution and transmission lightning arresters. Thus, it can be used in both low and high-voltage applications. In most instances, these arresters find their use in mid-range voltage environments. Occasionally, they offer versatile protection for varying electrical systems.
The arresters come with applications in various industries, thanks to their capabilities and protective features. Below are some of these industries.
Utility and power generation industries
Polymer-type lightning arresters are primarily used by the utility companies and electrical power-generating facilities. Commonly, they serve to protect high-voltage transmission lines, substations, and generators. Usually, by preventing damage to equipment due to voltage spikes, which may be caused by lightning strikes, they enhance system reliability.
Renewable energy sector
The renewable energy installations like solar farms and wind power plants have high reliance on polymer-type lightning arresters. Commonly, these arresters protect the electrical equipment integrated with the systems from transients caused by weather elements. Therefore, this protection ensures a longer lifespan of the equipment. Moreover, it minimizes downtime to allow for seamless operations.
Telecommunication industry
Often, telecommunication companies utilize polymer arrester types to protect their infrastructure. Normally, this includes fiber optics and telephone poles, from lightning-induced surges. Proper implementation helps in maintaining signal integrity. Also, it prevents service disruptions, which are crucial for effective communication networks.
Transportation sector
Here, polymer-type lightning arresters protect the electrical systems found in railways and transportation signaling systems. This protection is important for maintaining operational safety. Also, it minimizes the risk of damage to vital control systems affected by power surges.
Industrial and manufacturing sector
Polymer-type lightning arresters protect the electrical systems and machinery in industrial plants. By preventing voltage spikes, which may cause equipment damage, the arresters enhance the operational reliability. Additionally, they lower maintenance costs. This factor is a result of reduced equipment failures caused by electrical surges.
Voltage rating
Polymer-type lightning arresters usually come with varying voltage ratings. These ratings range from low voltage for distribution systems to high voltage for transmission system applications. This allows for application-specific selection.
Energy absorption capability
Conventionally, polymer lightning arresters are designed to absorb and dissipate large amounts of energy that comes with lightning surges. Ideally, its energy absorption helps in limiting the surge voltages that may damage the electrical equipment.
Protection level
The polymer arresters are characterized by low residual voltage. Therefore, they provide a high level of protection to sensitive equipment by preventing any return currents. Also, they may combine both surge protection and the insulation function to reduce stress on conductors.
Typical design
Normally, these lightning arresters come with a composite polymer housing. Usually, the housing acts as a barrier against environmental elements. The polymer materials are preferred to porcelain or glass due to their lightweight and high resilience properties against UV radiation and pollution.
Integrative component features
The arresters usually feature metal oxide varistors or silicon carbide blocks as the surge protection components. This configuration allows for the clamping of surge voltages effectively.
Isolation and surge protection
Modern polymer-type lightning arresters integrate both surge protection and high insulation resistance. Therefore, they can maintain system voltage under normal conditions while diverting surges during transient events.
The correct installation process of polymer-type lightning arresters is vital in ensuring optimal performance. Below are the steps.
Select the location
The polymer lightning arresters need to be installed in easily accessible areas and where electrical systems are exposed to lightning. Usually, the ideal locations include rooftops, open fields, or near tall structures.
Grounding system preparation
In preparing the grounding system, lightning arresters require a low-resistance grounding system. This system is usually made of copper or galvanized steel. Also, ensure that the grounding rod is installed at least 10 feet away from the arrester point of installation for effective electrical dissipation.
Mount the arrester
While mounting the LA, mount it vertically or at an angle of less than 45 degrees from the vertical plane. This position ensures proper drainage of water to prevent electrical faults. Also, for pole or mast installations, securely clamp the arrester using brackets to ensure stability.
Connect to the grounding system
During the installation process, connect the arrester grounding terminal to the grounding system using a short, heavy gauge copper wire. Normally, the wire should be less than 10 feet in length as well as free from sharp bends. This setup ensures quick electrical dissipation.
Connecting to electrical systems
Normally, the two terminals on the polymer lightning arresters should be connected to the live and neutral conductors of the electrical system. These connections are usually made using insulated wire. On the other hand, in a low-voltage setup, connect the arrester in parallel. For high-voltage systems, refer to the manufacturer’s manual for proper connection instructions.
Testing and maintenance
Once connected, test the arrester to ensure proper functionality. Usually, this can be done using a multimeter to check continuity. Additionally, perform regular checks and visual inspections for wear or any signs of damage.
Maintenance of the polymer-type lightning surge protector helps in extending the lifespan of these devices. Below is the maintenance process.
Routine inspection
Maintenance usually starts with routine inspections. In these visual assessments, look for signs of physical damage. These signs may include cracks, housing deterioration, or structural weakening. Also, check if the arrester is properly grounded. Maintain a corrosion-free connection between the arrester and the grounding system.
Performance monitoring
Monitoring the performance of arresters helps to identify any electrical anomalies. Usually, monitor voltage and current parameters to detect irregularities. Also, consider using diagnostic tools to measure the insulation and surge suppression characteristics as per the manufacturer. Always compare with standard metrics.
Environmental consideration
Assess the protective housing for signs of UV damage or pollution-related degradation in environments with high sunlight exposure or air quality. Regularly clean polymer surfaces to remove dust, salt, or other corrosive materials affecting the device.
Repairs for these lightning arresters involve replacing components that have become faulty or damaged and which cannot be salvaged.
Identify issues
Identify the specific problems needing repairs, focusing on electrical performance or physical integrity. Commonly, signs such as frequent surges reaching protected equipment indicate functional issues. Visual inspections reveal physical wear.
Replace damaged components
Usually, the primary method of repairing polymer-type lightning arresters is by replacing damaged components. Often, this includes refurbishing or changing internal surge protective materials like metal oxide varistors or silicon carbide blocks. These parts are essential in clamping excessive voltages. Additionally, damaged housings might need repairs or complete replacements.
Grounding repairs
Occasionally, defects in the grounding system take a heavy toll on the performance of lightning arresters. Therefore, replace the corroded grounding wires or repair the grounding rods as part of the repair process. Ensure there is a strong electrical connection to guarantee proper dissipation.
Post-repair testing
After carrying out the repairs, conduct a comprehensive test on the lightning arrester to check if it is functional. Measure the insulation resistance. Also, check the surge suppression capabilities to see if they meet the standard requirements.
Quality and safety considerations for polymer-type lightning arresters primarily focus on reliable performance, durability, and adherence to industry standards. Below are these considerations.
Material quality for housings
In their making, the housings of polymer lightning arresters are normally made to ensure they resist UV radiation, thermal stress, and mechanical impacts. This is because, without this resistance, a likelihood of failure increases with time, especially in harsh outdoor environments. Generally, materials such as high-elasticity polymers are selected for their properties to ensure longer service life. This minimizes risks associated with device failure and compromised protection.
Electrical insulation
High-quality insulation comes in handy when it comes to maintaining safety and reliability. Insulation ensures that the arrester does not conduct unwanted current under normal conditions. This factor protects the arrester from electrical hazards. Usually, insulation is tested for dielectric strength and a high insulating presence to ensure that they are standard compliant.
Surge protection standards
To ensure a high level of safety, the lightning arresters need to meet or exceed surge protection standards. Commonly, these standards include IEEE and IEC. Adhering to these regulations ensures that the arrester can effectively mitigate lightning-induced transients. Therefore, this protection safeguards critical infrastructure from damaging power surges.
Quality control processes
Implementation of stringent quality control processes during manufacturing ensure devices have the desired performance. Often, this includes testing for mechanical strength, electrical characteristics, and environmental endurance. This reduces the risk of defunct products reaching the market and ensures consistent protection across applications.
Testing for safety and functionality
Polymer-type lightning arresters must be subjected to several tests prior to their use. Some of these tests include electrical and mechanical. They help in establishing whether the arresters can handle extreme lightning currents while maintaining structural integrity. Also, routine maintenance tests help identify and rectify potential hazards.
Moisture and dust ingress protection
Dust and moisture pose a risk to electrical systems. For instance, they can compromise the insulating properties of polymer housings or damage internal components. Ideally, arresters should have a high IP rating, commonly rated at IP65. This rating protects against dust and water ingress.
Usually, polymer lightning arresters are more effective than ceramic ones in some environments. Commonly, the polymer materials used have better resistance to environmental factors, such as UV radiation and air pollution. These factors lead to longer lifespans when compared to ceramic arresters. Also, the polymer housings are lightweight, making them easier to install. However, in terms of surge handling capacity, both are comparably effective.
Yes, polymer lightning arresters can be used in industrial environments. Usually, they are ideal for protecting heavy electrical systems from transients. However, selecting arresters specifically rated for high voltage and high energy surge protection is vital in industrial applications.
Frequency of replacing polymer lightning arresters majorly depends on environmental factors, such as UV exposure, pollution, and weather conditions. Normally, a good replacement period is every 5 to 7 years for arrester elements that have shorted out internally. However, devices in particularly harsh environments might require earlier replacements.
Yes, grounding is essential for proper functionality. This is because grounding helps provide a clear path for lightning currents to dissipate into the earth. It also helps prevent the arresters from becoming a potential electrical hazard. Ideally, ensuring a low-resistance connection is key in making sure the arrester operates safely and effectively.
Polymer lightning arresters require minimal maintenance as they are maintenance-free. However, performing routine visual inspections and checks is essential. This helps to identify any wear or damage that might have occurred as a result of environmental exposure.
