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Several types of 72-volt lithium-ion batteries offer distinct features and benefits, catering to various applications and requirements. These include the following:
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Battery (NMC)
NMC batteries feature a positive electrode composed of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Due to this composition, this variant offers an excellent balance between energy density, power output, and thermal stability. This balance makes them suitable for electric vehicles (EVs) and industrial applications.
Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery (LiFePO4)
LiFePO4 batteries prioritize safety and longevity. They feature a lower energy density than other lithium-ion types but provide exceptional thermal stability and a cycle life of over 2,000 charges.
This property makes them ideal for applications requiring safety and extended life, such as in public transport systems or stationary energy storage.
Lithium Cobalt Oxide Battery (LCO)
LCO batteries use lithium cobalt oxide in the cathode. Usually, they have high energy density and are easily recognizable. Due to these qualities, they are commonly found in consumer electronics like smartphones and laptops.
However, their lower thermal stability limits their usage in high-power applications.
Lithium Manganese Oxide Battery (LMO)
LMO batteries feature lithium manganese oxide as their cathode material. Commonly, these batteries offer a good balance between safety, power output, and energy density. They can provide high discharge rates, making them suitable for power tools, medical devices, and electric bikes.
Titanate Lithium Batteries (LTO)
Titanate lithium batteries use lithium titanium oxide for the anode. Their unique anode material gives them ultra-fast charging capabilities, exceptional cycle life, and a wide operating temperature range.
However, their energy density is lower than most lithium-ion counterparts. This characteristic makes them ideal for applications like grid energy storage and electric buses, which need rapid charging and high durability.
Thanks to their high energy density and ability to power demanding equipment, 72-volt lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various industrial applications. These include the following:
Electric Forklifts and Material Handling Equipment
In the domain of electric forklifts, 72-volt batteries play an integral role in delivering prolonged power and quick charging abilities. They enable heavy lifting and prolonged operations, particularly in warehouses and manufacturing facilities.
Also, the quick charging capability of these batteries minimizes downtime and enhances operational efficiency in environments with rigorous material handling requirements.
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs)
72-volt lithium-ion batteries are essential for AGVs, which are increasingly adopted in industrial settings for transport and automation. These batteries provide the required power for navigation systems and payloads.
This property makes them appropriate for use in expansive warehouses, distribution centers, and production lines where serialized vehicles are instrumental in efficiency enhancement.
Backup Power Systems (UPS)
Thanks to their ability to maintain power during grid outages, 72-volt lithium-ion batteries are integral in UPS systems across industries like telecom, data centers, and manufacturing. These batteries store energy and come in handy to ensure crucial systems.
Exactly when the main power source experiences failure, seamless transitions, and extended operation, all of which safeguard sensitive equipment and data, are ensured. Additionally, they support renewable energy integrations like solar and wind.
Remote Monitoring and Communication Systems
In industries reliant on remote operations like oil and gas, 72-volt lithium-ion batteries power monitoring and communication devices in remote fields. They offer durability and prolonged service, enabling continuous surveillance of critical infrastructures even in isolated zones.
Portable Power Tools and Equipment
These batteries are a solution for industrial-grade power tools and equipment that require sustained operation under rigorous use. They provide significant energy for drilling, cutting, and fastening tools commonly used in construction and manufacturing.
When considering a 72-volt lithium ion battery, it is essential to note its various specifications and features. Some of these include:
Battery Composition
A 72-volt lithium-ion battery comprises several lithium-ion cells connected in series to achieve the desired voltage. Usually, the most common lithium-ion chemistries utilized for this configuration are nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4).
Each cell typically has a nominal voltage of around 3.7 volts, so to create a 72-volt system, around 20 cells are used in series.
Energy Capacity
One of the most common energy capacities of these batteries is 36Ah and 72Ah. In smaller systems, the energy capacity is 36Ah, while in larger systems, it is 72Ah. Remember, the larger the capacity, the greater the amount of energy stored in the battery.
Conversely, a smaller capacity means that the battery is able to store lesser energy. Of note is that the energy is measured in watt-hours. Because of this, a 36Ah has an energy capacity of 2592 watt hours, whereas a 72Ah has an energy capacity of 5184 watt hours.
Charging
A significant percentage of 72-volt lithium-ion batteries have a charging voltage of around 84 volts. This voltage allows battery systems to be charged to full capacity without damaging the cells.
These batteries also have a standard charge profile, which involves constant current charging followed by constant voltage. In this system, after the cells are fully saturated with a constant current, they are reached with a constant voltage until the cells are full.
Discharge
More than 72-volt lithium-ion batteries utilize a nominal voltage of approximately 72 volts during discharge for efficiency. While discharging, the voltage may drop to around 60 volts.
This drop normally occurs when the energy level is low. However, discharging below 60 volts will cause damage to battery systems. Thus, it is recommended that a battery management system (BMS) is used to avoid further discharging.
Weight and Size
Specifics of a 72-volt lithium-ion battery's weight and size mostly depend on configuration and chemistry. Nevertheless, they tend to be more compact and lightweight compared to traditional lead-acid batteries.
For instance, a comparable lead-acid battery may be 5 times larger with the same energy capacity. Additionally, a lithium battery can also feature advanced energy management systems, making it easier to monitor state-of-charge (SOC) and efficiency metrics.
When purchasing a 72-volt lithium-ion battery, there are various buying factors to consider. Some of them include:
Type
The composition of 72-volt lithium-ion batteries determines their suitability for various uses. Lithium nickel manganese cobalt batteries, for instance, offer a good balance between energy density and thermal stability. Conversely, lithium iron phosphate batteries prioritize safety and longevity.
These batteries are ideal for industrial and commercial applications. Therefore, determining which one meets specific requirements will help avoid buying the wrong type.
Energy density
The energy density of a battery measures how much energy it can store per unit volume or weight. In this case, the higher the energy density of the lithium-ion battery, the longer appliance performance. It will also take up less space, making it ideal for confined spaces.
Charging speed
Often, a fast-charging battery is convenient and a practical solution, especially for users who require short charging times. Fortunately, several lithium-ion batteries are designed with rapid charging capabilities.
These include lithium titanate batteries. In the search for a battery with fast charging, it is essential to check for the customer’s usage requirements. Doing so will help settle on an optimal solution.
Cycle life
Regularly, lithium-ion batteries offer long cycle lives. However, ideally, this should be up to 2,000 cycles, with some such as lithium iron phosphate having a much longer cycle life.
The cycle life directly impacts the long-term performance and cost-effectiveness of the battery. Therefore, considering customers’ scenarios will help select a battery with sufficient cycle life.
Battery management system (BMS)
A lithium-ion battery with an integrated battery management system can help manage the battery's state of charge. Moreover, it can protect it from overcharging and ensure optimal performance.
These systems are crucial for extending battery life, particularly in applications involving multiple batteries working together.
Measurements and configuration
Ideally, a 72-volt lithium-ion battery configuration consists of several 3.7-volt cells arranged in series. Normally, each cell's capacity can differ, leading to various configurations that ultimately affect energy density.
As a result, picking the right configuration for a customer will guarantee efficiency. Always consider the customer’s power and space requirements before settling on a configuration.
A1. They have high energy density and can provide power to demanding equipment and quick charging capability.
A2. They have around 84 volts when fully charged.
A3. Yes, people frequently use them for portable power tools, especially in industrial-grade ones requiring prolonged heavy-duty use.
A4. Typical cycle life is up to 2,000. However, this number can vary depending on battery type and usage.
