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Ready to ShipThere are several suitable types of a 48V 120Ah electric scooter battery, although lithium-ion and lead-acid types are the most common. Each of these types has unique characteristics that suit certain applications. The following are common types of this battery.
Lithium-ion batteries offer high energy density, making them lightweight with a high capacity to hold a charge. They age better and also offer longer cycle lives translating to several years of use. They discharge steadily, which means that users enjoy a consistent power delivery until the battery is almost depleted. All these ensure that they are great for electric scooters.
This battery has a slightly lower energy density than other lithium-ion chemistries, but it is far more thermally stable and less likely to catch fire. LiFePO4 batteries are extremely durable and can last several charge cycles. They also have great performance. However, their weight is slightly heavier and their cost higher.
Gel lead-acid batteries use a silica-based gel electrolyte rather than a liquid acid solution. This construction makes them spill-proof and safe for many applications. They also have better resistance to vibration. Although the battery’s internal resistance is higher, users can still expect a steady discharge rate. This helps in reducing the chances of sulfation occurring when it is partially charged.
They also provide a depth of discharge of around 30%, which can partially offset their lower cost. They are good for applications with lower power requirements.
These batteries are designed to reduce the amount of electrolyte maintenance required. They do this by recombining gases produced during operation to avoid electrolyte levels from diminishing. While they are simple to maintain, they do not offer much in terms performance compared to flooded lead-acid batteries. All these come with a much lower price. So, they are ideal for budget-conscious consumers.
There are several industrial applications for a 48V 120Ah electric scooter battery. It particularly shines in applications that require high energy efficiency, longer run times, and lower operating costs.
These batteries power electric scooters or e-mopeds used in transportation services or delivery. Good run-time compatibility with long hours of operation helps these batteries deliver the required energy sustainably without many interruptions.
Due to the increasing demand for parcel delivery services, many companies are opting to use electric scooters to deliver packages. These batteries are particularly ideal for such applications because they are lighter than gasoline engines, have higher fuel efficiency, and lower operational costs. They also reduce the interference that traditional cars cause in urban areas.
Many cities provide shared e-scooter services as an alternative transportation mode to fully-fledged vehicles. A 48V 120Ah electric scooter battery powers some of these models. They give users a reasonable distance and a decent amount of charging time to complete their daily commutes and keep the e-scooters ready for the next round.
Large facilities with many open spaces in and outside the buildings use electric scooters for maintenance checks, security patrols, or general staff transport. The batteries enable these scooters to operate for long periods without emission. This allows staff to complete their work efficiently and conveniently.
The battery's key technical aspects and product specifications will help buyers understand its features and suitability for given applications.
Voltage and capacity
The battery operates at a voltage of 48 volts and a capacity of 120 amp-hours. This combination enables it to deliver extended run times and consistent power for many applications.
Battery type
The lithium-ion type is the most common because of its better performance in terms energy density and cycle life than lead-acid batteries. Lithium iron phosphate offers better thermal stability but is slightly heavier. Conversely, lead-acid batteries are heavier but affordable.
Energy output
With a capacity of 120Ah, the lithium-ion battery can store a maximum energy amount of 5760 watt-hours (Wh). This is calculated using the voltage (48V) and capacity (120Ah) formula. Therefore, users get higher run times and energy outputs using such a battery. This makes them ideal for heavy-duty applications.
Charging profile
These batteries are typically charged using a charger with an output voltage of 48V. The current goes up to about 12 amps for the 120Ah lithium-ion batteries. This enables the batteries to be fully charged in approximately 10-12 hours while preventing the cells from overcharging. Lead-acid batteries take longer to charge and are between 12-15 hours.
Temperature range
The optimum operating temperature range for these batteries is 20-30°C. While lithium-ion batteries can operate at temperatures that are -20 to +60°C, temperature extremes affect battery performance and lifespan. On the other hand, lead-acid batteries work best at temperatures of around 25°C. Any extreme deviation reduces battery performance and efficacy.
Users should install the battery into the electric scooter's designated battery compartment. They should ensure the scooter is turned off and unplugged from any external power source. The existing battery should then be carefully removed. Users with lead-acid batteries should take the old battery out, too, so it doesn't confuse them. In replacement, the new 48V 120Ah electric scooter battery should be fitted into the same compartment.
The battery connector must be securely attached to the battery terminals. This should be done while ensuring that the positive terminal connects to the positive cable and the negative terminal to the negative cable. Users should then mount the battery in place and secure it so it doesn't move around. The final step is to power up the scooter to allow the system to detect the new battery.
There are certain quality and safety considerations that buyers should keep in mind when purchasing a battery for an electric scooter. They relate to the battery's operational capabilities and the user’s safety.
A BMS is an integrated system that monitors and manages the battery's state of charge, temperature, and health. Its core purpose is to ensure that the battery operates within safe limits to prevent overcharging, overheating, and deep discharging. By incorporating BMS, users improve their battery safety and performance and prolong its lifespan.
The battery housing should have a good IP rating to indicate its resistance to dust and water. For urban applications where scooters operate in rainy or dusty conditions, look for batteries with at least an IP65 rating. This ensures the battery can withstand the average daily pull without damage.
Excess heat causes lithium-ion batteries to degrade rapidly. Just like any other electrical appliance, heat is the major enemy of these batteries. It kills them faster than urban traffic fatalities. Good-quality batteries have integrated cooling systems to help dissipate heat during fast charging or high-drain use. It ensures that the temperature stays within safe operating limits.
The type of materials used to make the battery directly impacts its robustness, longevity, and effectiveness. For instance, high-quality battery cells, such as lithium-ion or LiFePO4, offer better efficiency and longer life spans. Low-quality materials degrade faster and are less efficient. This leads to reduced emissions, increased waste, and operating costs and time for replacements.
These fuses are designed to protect the battery from short circuits or sudden power surges by interrupting the current flow. They are an essential safety feature, especially in industrial applications where multiple devices are connected to a single battery. They are a typical lead-acid battery feature and will be very handy in salvaging.
Although there are many factors in the operational environment, one can still expect the lithium-ion batteries to last around 2,000-3,000 charge cycles. This extends to 5-15 years when cranked annually. Lead-acid batteries like flooded or gel types have a lower number of charge cycles to offer. They are around 500-1,000 cycles at best. Such numbers translate to around 3-7 years of life.
A key factor that directly influences the lifespan of this battery is maintenance. Lead-acid batteries require frequent electrolyte checks and topping. Failing to do one of these damages the battery and reduces its lifespan. Gel and sealed lead-acid batteries are maintenance-free and add no extra time for the users. There is less increase in the wear and tear of the battery in urban forts with fewer stressors and more climate control over the years. This helps enhance battery life.
Overcharging happens when a battery charger goes beyond the maximum safe charge. It causes the battery electrolyte levels to boil and spill, resulting in reduced capacity at best and fire at worst. Most modern battery chargers have BMS within them that prevent overcharging from ever happening in the first place. For batteries without this safeguard, avoid charging them longer than the manufacturer-stipulated period.
There are several, the main ones being a battery management system (BMS) and thermal management. The BMS is a great protection system for the battery against short circuits, overcharging, and deep discharging. Good-quality lead-acid batteries contain bypass fuses to protect against these same short circuits. Good-quality lithium-ion batteries should be housed in sturdy, water-resistant cases. This protects the cells from physical damage and environmental factors.
The environment where batteries are stored impacts the security level and health of batteries. The ideal place for the batteries to be stored is a temperature range of 20-30°C. Exposure to extreme heat or cold degrades the battery faster than anything else. Lead-acid batteries must have their electrolyte levels checked when being put away for long periods. Add distilled water to the cells if the levels are low.
The battery should be charged to around 50-70% before long-term storage. This is the optimal storage level to prevent over-discharge or overcharge and always have a space for the battery to return to.
The environment where batteries are stored impacts the security level and health of batteries. The ideal place for the batteries to be stored is a temperature range of 20-30°C. Exposure to extreme heat or cold degrades the battery faster than anything else. Lead-acid batteries must have their electrolyte levels checked when being put away for long periods. Add distilled water to the cells if the levels are low.
The battery should be charged to around 50-70% before long-term storage. This is the optimal storage level to prevent over-discharge or overcharge and always have a space for the battery to return to.
